622. Design Circular Queue

Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called "Ring Buffer".

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Your implementation should support following operations:

• MyCircularQueue(k): Constructor, set the size of the queue to be k.
• Front: Get the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
• Rear: Get the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
• enQueue(value): Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
• deQueue(): Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
• isEmpty(): Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.
• isFull(): Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.

Example:

MyCircularQueue circularQueue = new MycircularQueue(3); // set the size to be 3
circularQueue.enQueue(1);  // return true
circularQueue.enQueue(2);  // return true
circularQueue.enQueue(3);  // return true
circularQueue.enQueue(4);  // return false, the queue is full
circularQueue.Rear();  // return 3
circularQueue.isFull();  // return true
circularQueue.deQueue();  // return true
circularQueue.enQueue(4);  // return true
circularQueue.Rear();  // return 4

Note:

• All values will be in the range of [0, 1000].
• The number of operations will be in the range of [1, 1000].
• Please do not use the built-in Queue library.

Thoughts: Having two pointers , fast and slow and a size, capacity variables to track the current capacity status

1. Init: slow = 0; fast = -1; size = 0

class MyCircularQueue {
    int size, slow, fast, C;
    int data [];
    /** Initialize your data structure here. Set the size of the queue to be k. */
    public MyCircularQueue(int k) {
        slow = 0; fast = -1; size = 0; C = k;
        data = new int [k];
    }

    /** Insert an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean enQueue(int value) {
        if (isFull()) return false;
        fast = (fast + 1) % C;
        data[fast] = value;
        size ++; 
        return true;
    }

    /** Delete an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful. */
    public boolean deQueue() {
        if(size == 0) return false;
        slow = (slow + 1) % C;
        size--;
        return true;
    }

    /** Get the front item from the queue. */
    public int Front() {
        if (isEmpty()) return -1;
        return data[slow];
    }

    /** Get the last item from the queue. */
    public int Rear() {
        if (isEmpty()) return -1;
        return data[fast];
    }

    /** Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not. */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    /** Checks whether the circular queue is full or not. */
    public boolean isFull() {
        return size == C;
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyCircularQueue obj = new MyCircularQueue(k);
 * boolean param_1 = obj.enQueue(value);
 * boolean param_2 = obj.deQueue();
 * int param_3 = obj.Front();
 * int param_4 = obj.Rear();
 * boolean param_5 = obj.isEmpty();
 * boolean param_6 = obj.isFull();
 */